reference bacterial strains s mutans atcc 25175  (ATCC)

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: In Vitro Anti-Biofilm and Antibacterial Properties of Streptococcus downii sp. nov.

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9020450

Figure Lengend Snippet: Primers and probes used for quantification of genomic DNA from the target bacteria. Primers and probes were targeted against 16S rRNA gene (Obtained from Life Technologies Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA) and Roche (Roche Diagnostic GmbH; Mannheim, Germany)).

Article Snippet: S. downii sp. nov. strain CECT 9732T, isolated from a supragingival dental biofilm sample of an individual with Down syndrome [ ], and the reference bacterial strains S. mutans ATCC 25175, V. parvula NCTC 11810, Actinomyces naeslundii ATCC 19039, F. nucleatum DMSZ 20482, A. actinomycetemcomitans DSMZ 8324, and P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 were used to develop a multi-species biofilm model. Bacteria were cultured anaerobically (10% H 2 , 10% CO 2 , and balance N 2 ) on blood agar plates (Blood Agar Oxoid No 2; Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK), supplemented with 5% ( v/v ) sterile horse blood (Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK), 5.0 mg mL −1 hemin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and 1.0 mg mL -1 menadione (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) for 72 h at 37 °C.

Techniques: Bacteria, Diagnostic Assay, Sequencing

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: In Vitro Anti-Biofilm and Antibacterial Properties of Streptococcus downii sp. nov.

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9020450

Figure Lengend Snippet: Kinetics of incorporation of the six selected bacterial strains in the biofilm [expressed as logarithm of Colony Forming Units per mL, (log CFU mL −1 )] on the two biofilm modalities compared in the study: control biofilms (composed of Streptococcus mutans, Veillonella parvula, Actinomyces naeslundii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis ) and experimental biofilms, incorporating also Streptococcus downii sp. nov. Analyses have been performed with quantitative polymerase chain reaction, in biofilms from 12 h to 120 h of incubation, using specific primers and probes directed to the 16S rRNA gene. * p < 0.005.

Article Snippet: S. downii sp. nov. strain CECT 9732T, isolated from a supragingival dental biofilm sample of an individual with Down syndrome [ ], and the reference bacterial strains S. mutans ATCC 25175, V. parvula NCTC 11810, Actinomyces naeslundii ATCC 19039, F. nucleatum DMSZ 20482, A. actinomycetemcomitans DSMZ 8324, and P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 were used to develop a multi-species biofilm model. Bacteria were cultured anaerobically (10% H 2 , 10% CO 2 , and balance N 2 ) on blood agar plates (Blood Agar Oxoid No 2; Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK), supplemented with 5% ( v/v ) sterile horse blood (Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK), 5.0 mg mL −1 hemin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and 1.0 mg mL -1 menadione (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) for 72 h at 37 °C.

Techniques: Control, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Incubation

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: In Vitro Anti-Biofilm and Antibacterial Properties of Streptococcus downii sp. nov.

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9020450

Figure Lengend Snippet: Confocal micrographs that represented a 2D maximum projection of the series along fixed axis of the control biofilms ( a , c , e ), composed by Streptococcus mutans, Veillonella parvula, Actinomyces naeslundii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis , and experimental biofilms, incorporating also Streptococcus downii sp. nov. ( b , d , f ), after 24 h ( a , b ), 72 h ( c , d ) and 120 h ( e , f ) of growth. LIVE/DEAD ® BacLight TM Bacterial Viability Kit stain was used to assess the vitality of cells (live cells in green and dead cells in red color; yellowish corresponded to damage cells but still alive).

Article Snippet: S. downii sp. nov. strain CECT 9732T, isolated from a supragingival dental biofilm sample of an individual with Down syndrome [ ], and the reference bacterial strains S. mutans ATCC 25175, V. parvula NCTC 11810, Actinomyces naeslundii ATCC 19039, F. nucleatum DMSZ 20482, A. actinomycetemcomitans DSMZ 8324, and P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 were used to develop a multi-species biofilm model. Bacteria were cultured anaerobically (10% H 2 , 10% CO 2 , and balance N 2 ) on blood agar plates (Blood Agar Oxoid No 2; Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK), supplemented with 5% ( v/v ) sterile horse blood (Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK), 5.0 mg mL −1 hemin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and 1.0 mg mL -1 menadione (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) for 72 h at 37 °C.

Techniques: Control, Staining

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: In Vitro Anti-Biofilm and Antibacterial Properties of Streptococcus downii sp. nov.

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9020450

Figure Lengend Snippet: Scanning electron microscope images of the control biofilms ( a , c , e ), composed by Streptococcus mutans, Veillonella parvula, Actinomyces naeslundii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis , and experimental biofilms, incorporating also Streptococcus downii sp. nov. ( b , d , f ), after 24 h ( a , b ), 72 h ( c , d ) and 120 h ( e , f ) of growth. A similar architecture of biofilms can be observed, in both presence and absence of S. downii sp. nov., with biofilms covering the disc surfaces with flat homogenous layers of cells, combined with bacterial clusters, showing channels inside the structure.

Article Snippet: S. downii sp. nov. strain CECT 9732T, isolated from a supragingival dental biofilm sample of an individual with Down syndrome [ ], and the reference bacterial strains S. mutans ATCC 25175, V. parvula NCTC 11810, Actinomyces naeslundii ATCC 19039, F. nucleatum DMSZ 20482, A. actinomycetemcomitans DSMZ 8324, and P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 were used to develop a multi-species biofilm model. Bacteria were cultured anaerobically (10% H 2 , 10% CO 2 , and balance N 2 ) on blood agar plates (Blood Agar Oxoid No 2; Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK), supplemented with 5% ( v/v ) sterile horse blood (Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK), 5.0 mg mL −1 hemin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and 1.0 mg mL -1 menadione (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) for 72 h at 37 °C.

Techniques: Microscopy, Control

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: In Vitro Anti-Biofilm and Antibacterial Properties of Streptococcus downii sp. nov.

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9020450

Figure Lengend Snippet: Analysis of 24-h biofilms by confocal laser scanning microscopy, showing a typical structure of biofilms, with bacteria in discontinuous microcolonies over hydroxyapatite surfaces, with a majority of live cells (live cells in green; dead cells in red; yellowish corresponded to damage cells but still alive); and counts (expressed as logarithm of colony forming units per mL, CFU mL −1 ) of Streptococcus mutans ( Sm ), Veillonella parvula ( Vp ), Actinomyces naeslundii ( An ), Fusobacterium nucleatum ( Fn ), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ( Aa ), and Porphyromonas gingivalis ( Pg ).

Article Snippet: S. downii sp. nov. strain CECT 9732T, isolated from a supragingival dental biofilm sample of an individual with Down syndrome [ ], and the reference bacterial strains S. mutans ATCC 25175, V. parvula NCTC 11810, Actinomyces naeslundii ATCC 19039, F. nucleatum DMSZ 20482, A. actinomycetemcomitans DSMZ 8324, and P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 were used to develop a multi-species biofilm model. Bacteria were cultured anaerobically (10% H 2 , 10% CO 2 , and balance N 2 ) on blood agar plates (Blood Agar Oxoid No 2; Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK), supplemented with 5% ( v/v ) sterile horse blood (Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK), 5.0 mg mL −1 hemin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and 1.0 mg mL -1 menadione (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) for 72 h at 37 °C.

Techniques: Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, Bacteria

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: In Vitro Anti-Biofilm and Antibacterial Properties of Streptococcus downii sp. nov.

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9020450

Figure Lengend Snippet: Counts (expressed as logarithm of colony forming units per mL, CFU/mL) of Streptococcus mutans (Sm), Veillonella parvula (Vp), Actinomyces naeslundii (An), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) , and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) in biofilms using specific primers and probes directed to the 16S rRNA gene: ( a ) 24-h biofilms after contact with 10 8 CFU/mL of S. downii sp. nov. for 24 h more; ( b ) 24-h biofilms after contact with 10 8 CFU/mL of S. downii sp. nov. for 48 h more. * p < 0.005.

Article Snippet: S. downii sp. nov. strain CECT 9732T, isolated from a supragingival dental biofilm sample of an individual with Down syndrome [ ], and the reference bacterial strains S. mutans ATCC 25175, V. parvula NCTC 11810, Actinomyces naeslundii ATCC 19039, F. nucleatum DMSZ 20482, A. actinomycetemcomitans DSMZ 8324, and P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 were used to develop a multi-species biofilm model. Bacteria were cultured anaerobically (10% H 2 , 10% CO 2 , and balance N 2 ) on blood agar plates (Blood Agar Oxoid No 2; Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK), supplemented with 5% ( v/v ) sterile horse blood (Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK), 5.0 mg mL −1 hemin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and 1.0 mg mL -1 menadione (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) for 72 h at 37 °C.

Techniques: